A) allotropes
B) isomers
C) isomorphs
D) isotopes
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The correct answer is A) allotropes.
Carbon, diamond and graphite are examples of allotropes, which are forms of the same element that have different physical and chemical properties.
Allotropes are a result of different arrangements of atoms in the same element, and in the case of carbon, diamond is formed when carbon atoms are arranged in a tetrahedral lattice, while graphite is made up of flat layers of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal pattern.