A. no-load
B. half-load
C. near full-load
D. 10% overload
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C. Near full-load
Power transformers are generally designed to have maximum efficiency around near full load. At this point, the core loss and winding loss are at their lowest.
The core loss is minimal because the flux density is at its lowest. The winding loss is minimal because the resistance is at its lowest. However, as the load increases to the full load, the core loss and winding loss will start to increase. Therefore, transformer efficiency is usually highest when it is operating near its full-load rating.